Tavoleto owes its name to the word “tavola”, which means wood board in Italian. Here artisans worked at the ancient processing of lumber which, turned into boards, was transported to the sources of the Tiber from where it “slipped” to Rome.
Enclosed by ancient walls, it no longer retains any trace of the fortress that Francesco di Giorgio Martini designed for Duke Frederick in 1458. In fact, the fortress was torn down in 1865 and in its place a medieval-style castle was built, retaining, in the part behind the gardens, part of the ancient structure. Also visible are the remains of a Roman building.
The first records of the Tavoleto castle date back to 1361, when it is mentioned among the 42 castles of Rimini, and it was probably built in the last years of the 1200s by the Malatesta family. In the 15th century the castle of Tavoleto was involved in the war between Federico da Montefeltro and Sigismondo Malatesta, and between 1439 and 1458 it was lost and retaken five times until it finally passed to Duke Federico. A military garrison with podestà jurisdiction over the surrounding castles was established in the new castle.
In 1631 the castle of Tavoleto, together with the entire Duchy of Urbino, returned under the direct control of the Papacy, maintaining its pre-eminence over neighboring castles having become a vicariate seat. From 1631, the Tavoleto Castle remained quietly within the affairs of the Papal State, until March 31, 1797, when Franco-Cisalpine troops marched on the castle and set it on fire. It remained in dangerous conditions until 1865, when it was torn down to use the resulting material for the construction of municipal roads and to repair the castle walls themselves.
In 1885, the lawyer Ferdinando Petrangolini received the title of Count from Pope Leo XIII and the territories belonging to the vicariate of Tavoleto were subjected to him. The Count began the reconstruction work, including the upper floors and the crenellated tower based on the outline of the existing building. Even the Second World War saw the Castle as the protagonist of fierce fighting between the German troops, busy fortifying the defenses of the nearby Gothic Line, and the Allied troops, who after a few attempts managed to free the city.